Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995, showing: (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon; (b) ammonium acetate extractable (pH 4.5) base cation concentrations [..]
Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils

Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils (x-axis) vs. their total concentrations (aqua regia extractable) in the C-horizon of soils and in moss in 1995
Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils

A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995

A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995, showing changes from east to west in (a) total Al (nitric acid) and exchangeable Al concentrations in the O-horizon; (b) [..]
A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995

Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 and from 2000 to 2001

Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 (Kola Ecogeochemistry Project) and from 2000 to 2001 (Barents Ecogeochemistry Project)
Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 and from 2000 to 2001

Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction)

Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction), exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Al concentrations and the exchangeable Al:(Ca+Mg+K+Na) ratio in the O-horizon in the ‘no visual damage’ [..]
Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction)

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995 (C–D on Figure 5.2), showing: (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon; (b) ammonium acetate extractable (pH 4.5) base [..]
Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch leaves and (b) Scots pine needles at Svanvik

Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch (Betula pubescens) leaves and (b) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles at Svanvik, Norway, approximately 10 km northwest of Nikel
Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch leaves and (b) Scots pine needles at Svanvik

Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project

Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project
Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project

Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003

Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003. (a) streamwater flow and pH, (b) non-marine concentrations of sulfate and base cations, and (c) chloride and non-marine [..]
Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003

Anthropogenic SO2 emissions for 1985 north of 30°N

Anthropogenic SO2 emissions for 1985 north of 30°N
Anthropogenic SO2 emissions for 1985 north of 30°N

Anthropogenic NOx emissions for 1985 north of 30°N

Anthropogenic NOx emissions for 1985 north of 30°N
Anthropogenic NOx emissions for 1985 north of 30°N

SO2 emissions north of 50°N (modified after Benkovitz et al 1995, see Figure 91) showing point source emissions from Arctic and subarctic non-ferrous smelters and including natural DMS sources from the North Atlantic Ocean Area sources are not included

SO2 emissions north of 50°N (modified after Benkovitz et al 1995, see Figure 91) showing point source emissions from Arctic and subarctic non-ferrous smelters and including natural DMS sources from [..]
SO2 emissions north of 50°N (modified after Benkovitz et al 1995, see Figure 91) showing point source emissions from Arctic and subarctic non-ferrous smelters and including natural DMS sources from the North Atlantic Ocean Area sources are not included

Time series of emissions of SO2 from European sources (Mylona 1993) and two major sources on the Kola Peninsula

Time series of emissions of SO2 from European sources (Mylona 1993) and two major sources on the Kola Peninsula
Time series of emissions of SO2 from European sources (Mylona 1993) and two major sources on the Kola Peninsula

The time series of (a) weekly-averaged non-seasalt (nss) sulfate aerosol at Alert, NWT, Canada, (b) monthly-averaged sulfate aerosol at Ny Ålesund, Norway, (c) weekly-averaged nitrate at Alert, and (d) weekly-averaged hydrogen ion at Alert

The time series of (a) weekly-averaged non-seasalt (nss) sulfate aerosol at Alert, NWT, Canada, (b) monthly-averaged sulfate aerosol at Ny Ålesund, Norway, (c) weekly-averaged nitrate at Alert, and [..]
The time series of (a) weekly-averaged non-seasalt (nss) sulfate aerosol at Alert, NWT, Canada, (b) monthly-averaged sulfate aerosol at Ny Ålesund, Norway, (c) weekly-averaged nitrate at Alert, and (d) weekly-averaged hydrogen ion at Alert

(a) Yearly average sulfur dioxide air concentration measurements in the Arctic, (b) Yearly average sulfate air concentration measurements in the Arctic

(a) Yearly average sulfur dioxide air concentration measurements in the Arctic, (b) Yearly average sulfate air concentration measurements in the Arctic
(a) Yearly average sulfur dioxide air concentration measurements in the Arctic, (b) Yearly average sulfate air concentration measurements in the Arctic



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