Approximate net sea ice exchange (see legend for key to arrow sizes), extent of shorefast ice and winter sea ice, and coastal polynyas and main polynya concentrations
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An example of a positive feedback loop Warming leads to a decrease in sea ice cover which in turn leads to a decrease in albedo over the ocean, the result of which is further warming and further [..]
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Schematic representation of shelf processes involving transport of contaminants and sea ice
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Average annual maximum and minimum sea ice extent The numbered lines show the expected time in years for the ice at that location to exit the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait, based on drifting [..]
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Recent observations of summer sea-ice extent
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Relationship between frequency and volume of releases to the marine environment from different sources (worldwide)
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Surface ocean currents in the Arctic
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a) The annual (1973-1990) and mean annual hydrographs for the Mackenzie River above the Arctic Red River, NWT, Canada, indicating the dominance of the spring freshet in May
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Comparison of monthly water and suspended sediment loads to the Mackenzie Delta plain for the period 1974-1983
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Conceptual model of the coastal zone and marine environments showing the main subcompartments and contaminant transfers, and exchanges with the atmosphere
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Basic circulation and salinity distribution in salt wedge, partially-mixed, well-mixed and fjord-type estuaries as defined by Wollast and Duinker (1982) Numbers and shading show salinity values
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Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite image (June 4, 1986) showing a color composite of the visible data band for the Mackenzie Delta River water overflowing the landfast ice can [..]
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Sketch of main circulation pattern in a fjord
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Illustration of water, sediment and nutrient cycling in estuaries Freshwater flows outward, transporting sediments, plankton and also contaminants Material that sinks into the inflowing seawater may [..]
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Winter and summer surface water temperatures (°C) in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas
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