Winter and summer surface water temperatures in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas

Winter and summer surface water temperatures (°C) in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas
Winter and summer surface water temperatures in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas

Winter and summer surface water salinity in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas

Winter and summer surface water salinity in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas
Winter and summer surface water salinity in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas

Schematic representation of the temperature and salinity structure of the upper Arctic Ocean and how the halocline layer is maintained by brine-rich water produced on the shelves

Schematic representation of the temperature and salinity structure of the upper Arctic Ocean and how the halocline layer is maintained by brine-rich water produced on the shelves
Schematic representation of the temperature and salinity structure of the upper Arctic Ocean and how the halocline layer is maintained by brine-rich water produced on the shelves

Distribution of radioactivity (PCi/L) in the surface layer of the ocean after ten years of simulation of Preller's model Source locations are the Ob, Yenisey and Pechora Rivers, as well as Sellafield

Distribution of radioactivity (PCi/L) in the surface layer of the ocean after ten years of simulation of Preller's model Source locations are the Ob, Yenisey and Pechora Rivers, as well as Sellafield
Distribution of radioactivity (PCi/L) in the surface layer of the ocean after ten years of simulation of Prellers model Source locations are the Ob, Yenisey and Pechora Rivers, as well as Sellafield

Yearly and depth-averaged concentrations (Bq/m3) of 137Cs after 6 years from Harms' model The sources are instantaneous releases of 1 PBq from the dump sites in Abrosimov Bay, Stepovogo Bay, Tsivolky Bay, and Novaya Zemlya Trough

Yearly and depth-averaged concentrations (Bq/m3) of 137Cs after 6 years from Harms' model The sources are instantaneous releases of 1 PBq from the dump sites in Abrosimov Bay, Stepovogo Bay, Tsivolky [..]
Yearly and depth-averaged concentrations (Bq/m3) of 137Cs after 6 years from Harms model The sources are instantaneous releases of 1 PBq from the dump sites in Abrosimov Bay, Stepovogo Bay, Tsivolky Bay, and Novaya Zemlya Trough

Vertically integrated tracer burden shown after 15 years Units are burden per unit surface area, normalized by cumulative release Bottom topography is in meters; a) no neptune, centered difference, and b) neptune, flux-corrected transport

Vertically integrated tracer burden shown after 15 years Units are burden per unit surface area, normalized by cumulative release Bottom topography is in meters; a) no neptune, centered difference, [..]
Vertically integrated tracer burden shown after 15 years Units are burden per unit surface area, normalized by cumulative release Bottom topography is in meters; a) no neptune, centered difference, and b) neptune, flux-corrected transport

Main sources of icebergs and common iceberg drift trajectories The main ice circulation pattern follows the Transpolar Drift in the eastern Arctic and the Beaufort Gyre in the western Arctic (white arrows)

Main sources of icebergs and common iceberg drift trajectories The main ice circulation pattern follows the Transpolar Drift in the eastern Arctic and the Beaufort Gyre in the western Arctic (white [..]
Main sources of icebergs and common iceberg drift trajectories The main ice circulation pattern follows the Transpolar Drift in the eastern Arctic and the Beaufort Gyre in the western Arctic (white arrows)

Above: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice formed in the hatched region moving into different parts of the Arctic Basin Below: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice moving from different areas into the hatched region and melting

Above: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice formed in the hatched region moving into different parts of the Arctic Basin Below: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice moving from [..]
Above: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice formed in the hatched region moving into different parts of the Arctic Basin Below: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice moving from different areas into the hatched region and melting

The predominant currents in the Arctic Ocean and their major routes around the basin edges of the Arctic

The predominant currents in the Arctic Ocean and their major routes around the basin edges of the Arctic
The predominant currents in the Arctic Ocean and their major routes around the basin edges of the Arctic

A schematic representation of the three-layer structure of the Arctic Ocean, with the Arctic Surface Layer above the Atlantic Water and Arctic Deep Water The residence time for the different water masses are also shown

A schematic representation of the three-layer structure of the Arctic Ocean, with the Arctic Surface Layer above the Atlantic Water and Arctic Deep Water The residence time for the different water [..]
A schematic representation of the three-layer structure of the Arctic Ocean, with the Arctic Surface Layer above the Atlantic Water and Arctic Deep Water The residence time for the different water masses are also shown

Surface currents in the Arctic region Square boxes indicate that the denser inflowing (Atlantic and Pacific) waters are submerging under the Polar Surface Water The continuation of these flows can be seen in Figure a03-27

Surface currents in the Arctic region Square boxes indicate that the denser inflowing (Atlantic and Pacific) waters are submerging under the Polar Surface Water The continuation of these flows can be [..]
Surface currents in the Arctic region Square boxes indicate that the denser inflowing (Atlantic and Pacific) waters are submerging under the Polar Surface Water The continuation of these flows can be seen in Figure a03-27

A schematic diagram showing the inflow from the Mackenzie River trapped in the nearshore zone beneath the landfast ice Beyond the stamukhi zone, intermittent opening and refreezing in the flaw lead produces brine which encourages mixing and convection

A schematic diagram showing the inflow from the Mackenzie River trapped in the nearshore zone beneath the landfast ice Beyond the stamukhi zone, intermittent opening and refreezing in the flaw lead [..]
A schematic diagram showing the inflow from the Mackenzie River trapped in the nearshore zone beneath the landfast ice Beyond the stamukhi zone, intermittent opening and refreezing in the flaw lead produces brine which encourages mixing and convection

Distribution of potential temperature, salinity, and density across the Arctic Ocean and the Greenland and Norwegian Seas

Distribution of potential temperature, salinity, and density across the Arctic Ocean and the Greenland and Norwegian Seas
Distribution of potential temperature, salinity, and density across the Arctic Ocean and the Greenland and Norwegian Seas

Schematic diagrams of the Greenland Sea showing the surface circulation (above) and water mass structure at a section across the central gyre (below)

Schematic diagrams of the Greenland Sea showing the surface circulation (above) and water mass structure at a section across the central gyre (below)
Schematic diagrams of the Greenland Sea showing the surface circulation (above) and water mass structure at a section across the central gyre (below)

Major surface currents in the North Atlantic Ocean

Major surface currents in the North Atlantic Ocean
Major surface currents in the North Atlantic Ocean



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